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Meta title: Universities in Canada 2026/27: Types, Costs, Choice
Meta description: Canadian universities for international students: U15 and other types, 2026/27 average fees by province, U of T, UBC, McGill figures, PAL quotas.
Last modified: 2026-09-28

# Universities in Canada for International Students: Types, Costs and How to Choose

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Almost all Canadian universities are public and fall under provincial jurisdiction, so admission rules, fees and even degree structure depend on where the university is. Fifteen leading research universities form the U15 group, including the University of Toronto, UBC, McGill, McMaster and Waterloo. Average international undergraduate tuition in 2026/27 is $29,660 (CAD 42,062) a year, but it is $35,480 in Ontario and $13,400 in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Choose a Canadian university by the combination of programme, province, budget and post-graduation work rights rather than by ranking position. Below is how the system works, where costs sit and how to build a shortlist.

| At a glance | Canadian universities, 2026/27 |
| --- | --- |
| Governance | provinces; there is no federal education ministry |
| Leading research universities | U15 — 15 universities in seven provinces |
| Average international tuition | bachelor's $29,660 (CAD 42,062), graduate $17,410 (CAD 24,693) a year |
| Most expensive province | Ontario: undergraduate average $35,320 (CAD 50,088) |
| Most affordable | Newfoundland and Labrador: $13,340 (CAD 18,911) |
| Languages | English; French in Quebec and at some universities in Ontario and New Brunswick |
| Applications | Ontario undergraduate through OUAC; elsewhere directly to each university |
| Study permit | bachelor's students need a provincial attestation letter (PAL); master's and PhD students at public universities are exempt since 2026 |

Hamilton Hall, home of the Department of Mathematics at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Photo: Saforrest / [source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg), [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0).

## How the system works {#section-1}

Education is a provincial responsibility in Canada. Three practical consequences:

1. Fees vary by province. International tuition is set by each university, and the average in Ontario is more than double that in Manitoba.
2. Study permit allocations are provincial. In 2026, 180,000 permits were planned for applicants who need a PAL: Ontario 70,074, Quebec 39,474, British Columbia 24,786, Alberta 21,582, Manitoba 6,534, Saskatchewan 5,436, Nova Scotia 4,680, New Brunswick 3,726.
3. Quebec has its own rules. Local students enter university after a two-year CÉGEP, many bachelor's programmes last three years, most universities teach in French, and study permit applicants need a Quebec Acceptance Certificate (CAQ) instead of a PAL.

## Types of universities {#section-2}

| Type | Examples | What it means for you |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Research-intensive (U15) | U of T, UBC, McGill, McMaster, Waterloo, Alberta, Calgary, Ottawa, Queen's, Western, Montréal, Laval, Dalhousie, Manitoba, Saskatchewan | broad programme choice, strong graduate study, higher competition and fees |
| Comprehensive | Simon Fraser, York, Windsor, New Brunswick | balance of research and teaching, often softer entry and lower fees |
| Primarily undergraduate | Mount Allison, Acadia, Trent, Winnipeg | small classes, campus life in smaller cities, lower living costs |
| French-language | Université de Montréal, Université Laval | teaching in French, CÉGEP logic, CAQ |
| Degree-granting colleges and polytechnics | Seneca, Humber, Sheridan | applied bachelor's degrees, lower fees, different PGWP rules for diploma programmes |

U15 members: University of Alberta, UBC, University of Calgary, Dalhousie University, Université Laval, University of Manitoba, McGill University, McMaster University, Université de Montréal, University of Ottawa, Queen's University, University of Saskatchewan, University of Toronto, University of Waterloo and Western University.

See [colleges in Canada](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-colleges-in-canada) for the college route.

## Costs by province {#section-3}

Average international tuition in 2026/27, Statistics Canada:

| Province | Bachelor's, CAD | Bachelor's, $ | Graduate, CAD | Graduate, $ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ontario | 50,088 | 35,480 | 28,900 | 20,470 |
| British Columbia | 40,314 | 28,560 | 27,612 | 19,560 |
| Quebec | 36,879 | 26,120 | 24,694 | 17,490 |
| Alberta | 36,369 | 25,760 | 18,302 | 12,960 |
| Saskatchewan | 33,496 | 23,730 | 9,807 | 6,950 |
| Nova Scotia | 31,057 | 22,000 | 26,230 | 18,580 |
| Manitoba | 23,160 | 16,410 | 14,030 | 9,940 |
| Prince Edward Island | 22,067 | 15,630 | 14,202 | 10,060 |
| New Brunswick | 20,029 | 14,190 | 16,691 | 11,820 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 18,911 | 13,400 | 6,996 | 4,960 |
| Canada average | 42,062 | 29,800 | 24,693 | 17,490 |

These averages cover all programmes: engineering, business and computer science usually cost more, humanities less. On top, the study permit requires proof of $16,540 (CAD 23,448) a year for living costs.

## The three best-known universities: 2026/27 figures {#section-4}

|  | University of Toronto | UBC | McGill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Location | Toronto, Ontario (three campuses) | Vancouver and Kelowna, British Columbia | Montreal, Quebec |
| Language | English | English | English (in a French-speaking province) |
| First-year bachelor's | Arts & Science $46,620 (CAD 66,110); Engineering $51,380 (CAD 72,860) | Arts $36,340 (CAD 51,530); Science $37,440 (CAD 53,082) | BA $38,080 (CAD 54,000); BSc $45,690 (CAD 64,786) |
| Graduate example | MA / MSc $23,600 (CAD 33,460) a year; MEng $51,380 (CAD 72,850) | MSc Computer Science $7,110 (CAD 10,082) a year; Master of Data Science $42,150 (CAD 59,768) | thesis master's $15,060 (CAD 21,349) a year, non-thesis $23,160 (CAD 32,833) |
| Russian school certificate | accepted | accepted; past average about 4 out of 5 | accepted; minimum B+ equivalent |
| 2027 bachelor's deadline | January 15, 2027 (recommended by November 7, 2026) | January 15, 2027 | January 15, 2027 |
| Study permit | Ontario PAL | British Columbia PAL | Quebec CAQ |

McGill reports that it ranks 30th in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2027. Rankings help build a first list but say little about whether you will be admitted, what it will cost and whether the programme offers your specialisation.

## University profiles on StudyU {#section-5}

- British Columbia: UBC, Simon Fraser University, Thompson Rivers University, Vancouver Island University
- Alberta: University of Calgary
- Manitoba: University of Manitoba, University of Winnipeg
- Ontario: McMaster University, University of Windsor, Trent University
- Atlantic Canada: University of New Brunswick, Mount Allison University, Acadia University, Saint Mary's University

These profiles are currently in Russian. English profiles are available for [University of Toronto](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-toronto), [University of Waterloo](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-waterloo) and [McGill University](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-mcgill); for a city-level comparison, see [universities in Toronto](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-universities-in-toronto), and for the wider picture, the [Canada country guide](https://www.studyu.org/en/country-canada).

## How to choose: seven checks {#section-6}

1. The programme, not the brand. Compare curricula, specialisations, co-op and the option to change major.
2. Requirements for your credential. For bachelor's: is your school certificate accepted directly, and which prerequisites apply? For graduate study: is your degree equivalent to a Canadian one? U of T treats a four-year Russian bachelor's or specialist diploma as equivalent.
3. Full cost. All years of tuition with increases (UBC caps increases for international undergraduates starting in 2026/27 at 3% a year), fees, insurance and living costs in that city.
4. Province and allocation. Bachelor's students need a PAL within the province's allocation; Quebec requires a CAQ and often French.
5. Post-graduation work rights. University bachelor's and master's graduates have no field-of-study requirement for the PGWP but need CLB 7. Check that the university is on the DLI list with PGWP-eligible programmes.
6. Language. A typical bachelor's threshold is IELTS Academic 6.5 (U of T, UBC); graduate study at U of T and UBC Computer Science requires 7.0. Pathways such as UBC Vantage One accept IELTS 5.5.
7. Deadlines. U of T, UBC and McGill close bachelor's applications on January 15, 2027. Graduate deadlines are set per programme — for example, December 15, 2026 for UBC's MSc in Computer Science and January 31, 2027 for its Master of Data Science.

With an average of around 4 out of 5 and a budget under $50,000 a year, a sensible list includes one or two flagships, two or three universities in more affordable provinces and one safer option.

## How applications work {#section-7}

- Ontario: bachelor's applications go through the Ontario Universities' Application Centre (OUAC), with documents then uploaded to each university's portal.
- Other provinces: apply directly. McGill charges $99 (CAD 140.16) for the first application, with a second for the same term free.
- Graduate study: always direct, often per programme. U of T charges $92 (CAD 130), UBC $120 (CAD 168.25) per programme.

See also [bachelor's degrees in Canada](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-bachelors-in-canada), [master's degrees in Canada](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-masters-in-canada) and [studying in Canada after 11 years of school](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-canada-after-11-years-of-school).

## Study permit essentials for Russian citizens {#section-8}

- Apply online: $105 (CAD 150) plus $60 (CAD 85) for biometrics.
- Show first-year tuition and $16,540 (CAD 23,448) for living costs, and explain how you will fund the whole programme.
- Since January 28, 2026, the Embassy of Canada in Moscow provides no visa services and VACs in Russia collect biometrics only; passports must be submitted at a VAC outside Russia. See our [Canada study permit guide](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-canada-study-permit).
- During studies, off-campus work is allowed up to 24 hours a week in term and without an hourly limit during scheduled breaks.

## Common mistakes {#section-9}

- Choosing by overall ranking. A world ranking says little about a specific programme, your chances or the cost.
- Comparing fees in different formats. Some universities quote per year, others per programme or per credit; compare the full degree cost.
- Ignoring the province. The same field can cost half as much in Manitoba or New Brunswick as in Toronto.
- Forgetting Quebec's rules. You need a CAQ and often French.
- Applying to a single flagship. Competition at U of T, UBC and McGill is high; keep backup options.

## FAQ {#faq}

### How do I know a Canadian university is suitable for international students?

Check that it is on IRCC's list of designated learning institutions (DLIs); study permits are issued only for DLIs, and the list shows whether the institution offers PGWP-eligible programmes. Then check credential requirements, language and province.

### Which Canadian universities are cheapest for international students?

It depends on the programme, but by province the lowest averages are Newfoundland and Labrador ($13,340 (CAD 18,911) for undergraduates), New Brunswick ($14,130 (CAD 20,029)) and Manitoba ($16,330 (CAD 23,160)). Ontario is the most expensive ($35,320 (CAD 50,088)).

### Can I apply with a Russian school certificate?

Yes. U of T, UBC and McGill accept the Russian attestat directly, without a foundation year.

### Are there free universities in Canada for international students?

No. Public universities charge international students full fees. Full undergraduate scholarships are rare; research master's and PhD programmes often come with funding packages.

### Which Canadian universities are the best?

U of T, McGill and UBC usually lead international rankings; McGill reports 30th place in QS 2027. For your decision, the strength of the specific programme, cost and entry requirements matter more.

### Can I study in French in Canada?

Yes, in Quebec (Université de Montréal, Université Laval and others) and at bilingual universities in other provinces. Studying in Quebec requires a CAQ.

### Are there entrance exams?

There is no national entrance exam for bachelor's degrees; admission is based on school grades, English results and sometimes supplementary forms or portfolios. Some graduate programmes require the GRE or GMAT.

## Sources {#section-11}

- U15: [member universities](https://u15.ca/our-members/)
- Statistics Canada: [average tuition 2026/27 by province, table 37-10-0045-01](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3710004501)
- IRCC: [2026 provincial allocations](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/news/notices/2026-provincial-territorial-allocations-under-international-student-cap.html), [PAL/TAL](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/provincial-attestation-letter.html), [proof of funds](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents/financial-support.html), [PGWP](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation/eligibility.html), [DLI list](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/prepare/designated-learning-institutions-list.html), [off-campus work](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/work-off-campus.html), [fees](https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp)
- Government of Canada: [visa services in Russia since January 28, 2026](https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/russia-russie/moscow-moscou-info.aspx?lang=eng)
- University of Toronto: [2027 deadlines](https://future.utoronto.ca/deadlines), [requirements by country](https://future.utoronto.ca/international-high-school-requirements-country), [2026/27 tuition report](https://planningandbudget.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-27-Tuition-Fee-Report_FINAL.pdf), [credential equivalencies](https://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/future-students/admission-application-requirements/international-credentials-equivalencies/)
- UBC: [2026/27 undergraduate tuition](https://students.ubc.ca/enrolment/finances/tuition-fees/undergraduate-tuition-fees), [dates and deadlines](https://you.ubc.ca/applying-ubc/dates-deadlines/), [MSc Computer Science](https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-science-computer-science), [Master of Data Science](https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-data-science)
- McGill: [requirements](https://www.mcgill.ca/undergraduate-admissions/apply/requirements/international/other), [undergraduate fees](https://www.mcgill.ca/student-accounts/tuition-charges/fallwinter-term-tuition-and-fees/undergraduate-fees), [graduate fees](https://www.mcgill.ca/student-accounts/tuition-charges/fallwinter-term-tuition-and-fees/graduate-fees), [rankings as reported by McGill](https://www.mcgill.ca/about/quickfacts/rankings)
- Exchange rate: ECB reference rate of September 29, 2026 — CAD 1 = $0.7052.

During the free initial consultation, we clarify your goal, profile, timing, and budget and identify the next realistic step. [Request an initial consultation](https://www.studyu.org/en/apply).

## Next steps

- [Colleges in Canada for International Students: Programmes, Costs and Post-Graduation Work Rights](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-colleges-in-canada)
- [McGill University: Admission, Fees and Quebec Requirements for International Students](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-mcgill)
- [University of Toronto: Admission, Fees and Scholarships for International Students](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-toronto)
- [University of Waterloo: Admission, Co-op, Fees and Scholarships for International Students](https://www.studyu.org/en/university-waterloo)
- [Studying in Canada for international applicants](https://www.studyu.org/en/country-canada)
- [Universities in Toronto for International Students: 2026/27 Fees, Colleges and Admission](https://www.studyu.org/en/blog-universities-in-toronto)

Updated: September 2026